Types of Gynecological Cancers
Each type of gynaecological cancer originates in a different part of the reproductive system. Here are the five main types:
1. Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer starts in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. It’s one of the most common gynaecological cancers worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause.
2. Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries and is often detected late because symptoms are vague and non-specific. It’s sometimes called a “silent killer” because early warning signs are easy to miss.
3. Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer
This cancer starts in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is the most common gynaecological cancer in developed countries and often presents early with abnormal bleeding.
4. Vulvar Cancer
A rare cancer that starts on the external female genitalia. It usually affects older women and can start as a long-term itch or skin change.
5. Vaginal Cancer
Also, rare, vaginal cancer can develop slowly and is most often found in older women. Like cervical cancer, it is sometimes linked to HPV.
Symptoms of Gynecological Cancers
One of the biggest challenges is that many early symptoms of gynaecological cancers overlap with common, non-cancerous conditions. However, persistent or unusual symptoms should never be ignored.
Common warning signs include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding: Especially after menopause, between periods, or after intercourse.
- Pelvic pain or pressure: Not related to menstrual cramps.
- Unusual vaginal discharge: Especially if it’s watery, foul-smelling, or bloody.
- Changes in urination or bowel habits: Such as frequent urination or constipation.
- Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling: Especially in ovarian cancer.
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
These symptoms might not mean cancer—but they do mean something is wrong. Getting checked early makes all the difference.
How Gynecological Cancers Differ from Common Conditions
It’s easy to confuse cancer symptoms with more routine gynaecological problems. Here’s how to tell them apart:
Gynecological Cancer vs. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
PCOS causes irregular periods, acne, and ovarian cysts. While it’s serious, it’s not cancerous. However, long-term untreated PCOS can increase the risk of uterine cancer due to hormonal imbalances.
-
Key difference: PCOS rarely causes bleeding after menopause or significant pelvic pain.
Gynecological Cancer vs. Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus. They can cause heavy periods and pressure, but they don’t usually cause postmenopausal bleeding or rapid weight loss.
-
Key difference: Fibroid symptoms are often predictable and tied to the menstrual cycle.
Gynecological Cancer vs. Infections (e.g., UTIs, Vaginitis)
Infections can cause pain, discharge, and discomfort but usually respond quickly to antibiotics or antifungals.
-
Key difference: If symptoms linger or worsen even after treatment, further investigation is needed.
Why Early Detection Matters
In the UAE, cultural sensitivities sometimes discourage women from discussing reproductive health openly. But silence can be deadly when it comes to cancer. Delayed diagnosis often means more aggressive treatment and lower chances of survival.
That’s why regular Pap smears, HPV testing, and pelvic exams are vital. These simple screenings can catch precancerous changes before they turn deadly. Additionally, the UAE’s healthcare system now includes more access to specialist women’s health clinics across public and private sectors, making early detection more accessible than ever.
Final Advice for Women
- Don’t ignore unusual bleeding, pain, or discharge. If something feels off, it probably is.
- Request routine screenings. Ask your doctor about Pap tests and HPV vaccines.
- Know your family history. If female cancers run in your family, you may need earlier or more frequent checks.
- Choose doctors you trust. Find a gynaecologist who respects your privacy and comfort—especially important in a region where cultural values matter deeply.